Lumbar Spine 1
Lumbar Spine 2
Cervical Spine
Analysis Presentation
Technical Applications

Sample images and analysis of the lumbar spine (1):

example_lumbar_1_flexion

Initial functional X-ray in Flexion

Landmarks_lumbal_1_L2_fixed

Sample usage of markers (landmarks, yellow) in the segment L1-2. The landmarks are not required for analysis, however, clearly show the path of relative motion. They are required for measurements of relative translations. Measured Range of Motion in L1-2=3.7°.

Case1_Disc_height_L2_fixed

Example of the automatic measurement of the disc height, sparated in anterior, middle and posterior. In cases of spondylolisthesis, the height is measured perpendicular to the average superior endplate line of the inferior vertebra.

example_lumbar_1_extension

and Extension

CoR_lumbal_1_L2_fixed

The determined L1-2 Center of Rotation (green dot in the middle) is slightly below the physiologic area, the deviation is however insignificant. The segment shows no translatoric instability, the Range of Motion is below the average.

Case1_L4_fixed_CoR_with_SD

Example for the determination of the CoR in a case with small RoM. With decreasing RoM, the uncertainty about the CoR location increases. The standard deviation is shown in dark green, whereas the 95% confidence interval is shown in light green.
Standard deviation means the average deviation or average scatter range, whereas the confidence interval shows the area in which the CoR is to be found with a probability of 95%.